In Active Directory on
Server 2008, FSMO stands for Flexible Single Master Operation. The different FSMO
roles are as follows:
- Schema Master: schema=(defines default AD object properties in a template, like what a user is and what a server is), manages schema
- Domain Naming Master: create or remove new domains in a forest
- PDC: time server, backwards compatibility with older DCs
- RID Pool manager: assigns Relative IDs to AD objects from a pool of IDs
- Infrastructure Master: queries other domains to see what changes had been made in that made and sees if those objects have any references in its own domain, and updates its own objects correspondingly
These are the different
roles that are held by Active Directory Servers. A few years ago, in an IT
admin's worst nightmare: The Main Server 2008 AD server (which held all 5 FSMO
roles) was down, and would not boot up. Fortunately there was a backup Domain
Controller (which had all of Active Directory replicated onto it). But since
the Primary DC would not boot up, all the FSMO roles had to be forcibly seized
and moved from the Primary DC and to the backup DC.
The setup was 2 Server
2008 AD servers-a primary one with all 5 FSMO roles on it (let's call it DC1),
and a backup DC which just had AD replicated onto it (let's call it DC2). There
was also an Exchange 2007 machine. Since DC1 wouldn't boot, all the FSMO roles had
to be forcibly seized and moved to DC2. Then Server 2008 had to be reinstalled on
DC1 and the FSMO roles had to be gracefully moved back to DC1. Below were the steps:
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////seize
fsmo roles
Microsoft Windows
[Version 6.0.6001]
Copyright (c) 2006
Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
C:\Users\Administrator.DOMAIN>ntdsutil
ntdsutil: roles
fsmo maintenance: con
server connections: con
t DC1 localhost
Binding to localhost
...
Connected to localhost
using credentials of locally logged on user.
server connections: q
fsmo maintenance: seize
schema master
Attempting safe
transfer of schema FSMO before seizure.
ldap_modify_sW error
0x34(52 (Unavailable).
Ldap extended error
message is 000020AF: SvcErr: DSID-03210380, problem 5002 (UN
AVAILABLE), data 1722
Win32 error returned is
0x20af(The requested FSMO operation failed. The current
FSMO holder could not
be contacted.)
)
Depending on the error
code this may indicate a connection,
ldap, or role transfer
error.
Transfer of schema FSMO
failed, proceeding with seizure ...
server
"localhost" knows about 5 roles
Schema - CN=NTDS
Settings,CN=DC2,CN=servers,CN=Default-First-Site-Name,CN=Sit
es,CN=Configuration,DC=DOMAIN,DC=FOREST,DC=com
Naming Master - CN=NTDS
Settings,CN=DC1,CN=servers,CN=Default-First-Site-Name
,CN=Sites,CN=Configuration,DC=DOMAIN,DC=FOREST,DC=com
PDC - CN=NTDS
Settings,CN=DC1,CN=servers,CN=Default-First-Site-Name,CN=Sites,
CN=Configuration,DC=DOMAIN,DC=FOREST,DC=com
RID - CN=NTDS
Settings,CN=DC1,CN=servers,CN=Default-First-Site-Name,CN=Sites,
CN=Configuration,DC=DOMAIN,DC=FOREST,DC=com
Infrastructure -
CN=NTDS Settings,CN=DC1,CN=servers,CN=Default-First-Site-Nam
e,CN=Sites,CN=Configuration,DC=DOMAIN,DC=FOREST,DC=com
fsmo maintenance: seize
pdc
Attempting safe
transfer of PDC FSMO before seizure.
ldap_modify_sW error
0x34(52 (Unavailable).
Ldap extended error
message is 000020AF: SvcErr: DSID-03210575, problem 5002 (UN
AVAILABLE), data 1722
Win32 error returned is
0x20af(The requested FSMO operation failed. The current
FSMO holder could not
be contacted.)
)
Depending on the error
code this may indicate a connection,
ldap, or role transfer
error.
Transfer of PDC FSMO
failed, proceeding with seizure ...
server
"localhost" knows about 5 roles
Schema - CN=NTDS
Settings,CN=DC2,CN=servers,CN=Default-First-Site-Name,CN=Sit
es,CN=Configuration,DC=DOMAIN,DC=FOREST,DC=com
Naming Master - CN=NTDS
Settings,CN=DC1,CN=servers,CN=Default-First-Site-Name
,CN=Sites,CN=Configuration,DC=DOMAIN,DC=FOREST,DC=com
PDC - CN=NTDS
Settings,CN=DC2,CN=servers,CN=Default-First-Site-Name,CN=Sites,
CN=Configuration,DC=DOMAIN,DC=FOREST,DC=com
RID - CN=NTDS
Settings,CN=DC1,CN=servers,CN=Default-First-Site-Name,CN=Sites,
CN=Configuration,DC=DOMAIN,DC=FOREST,DC=com
Infrastructure -
CN=NTDS Settings,CN=DC1,CN=servers,CN=Default-First-Site-Nam
e,CN=Sites,CN=Configuration,DC=DOMAIN,DC=FOREST,DC=com
fsmo maintenance: seize
rid master
Attempting safe
transfer of RID FSMO before seizure.
ldap_modify_sW error
0x34(52 (Unavailable).
Ldap extended error
message is 000020AF: SvcErr: DSID-03210B34, problem 5002 (UN
AVAILABLE), data 1722
Win32 error returned is
0x20af(The requested FSMO operation failed. The current
FSMO holder could not
be contacted.)
)
Depending on the error
code this may indicate a connection,
ldap, or role transfer
error.
Transfer of RID FSMO
failed, proceeding with seizure ...
Searching for highest
rid pool in domain
server
"localhost" knows about 5 roles
Schema - CN=NTDS
Settings,CN=DC2,CN=servers,CN=Default-First-Site-Name,CN=Sit
es,CN=Configuration,DC=DOMAIN,DC=FOREST,DC=com
Naming Master - CN=NTDS
Settings,CN=DC1,CN=servers,CN=Default-First-Site-Name
,CN=Sites,CN=Configuration,DC=DOMAIN,DC=FOREST,DC=com
PDC - CN=NTDS
Settings,CN=DC2,CN=servers,CN=Default-First-Site-Name,CN=Sites,
CN=Configuration,DC=DOMAIN,DC=FOREST,DC=com
RID - CN=NTDS
Settings,CN=DC2,CN=servers,CN=Default-First-Site-Name,CN=Sites,
CN=Configuration,DC=DOMAIN,DC=FOREST,DC=com
Infrastructure -
CN=NTDS Settings,CN=DC1,CN=servers,CN=Default-First-Site-Nam
e,CN=Sites,CN=Configuration,DC=DOMAIN,DC=FOREST,DC=com
fsmo maintenance: sieze
domainnamingmaster
Error parsing Input -
Invalid Syntax.
fsmo maintenance: seize
domainnamingmaster
Error parsing Input -
Invalid Syntax.
fsmo maintenance: seize
namingmaster
Error parsing Input -
Invalid Syntax.
fsmo maintenance: seize
naming master
Attempting safe
transfer of domain naming FSMO before seizure.
ldap_modify_sW error
0x34(52 (Unavailable).
Ldap extended error
message is 000020AF: SvcErr: DSID-03210380, problem 5002 (UN
AVAILABLE), data 1722
Win32 error returned is
0x20af(The requested FSMO operation failed. The current
FSMO holder could not
be contacted.)
)
Depending on the error
code this may indicate a connection,
ldap, or role transfer
error.
Transfer of domain
naming FSMO failed, proceeding with seizure ...
server
"localhost" knows about 5 roles
Schema - CN=NTDS
Settings,CN=DC2,CN=servers,CN=Default-First-Site-Name,CN=Sit
es,CN=Configuration,DC=DOMAIN,DC=FOREST,DC=com
Naming Master - CN=NTDS
Settings,CN=DC2,CN=servers,CN=Default-First-Site-Name
,CN=Sites,CN=Configuration,DC=DOMAIN,DC=FOREST,DC=com
PDC - CN=NTDS
Settings,CN=DC2,CN=servers,CN=Default-First-Site-Name,CN=Sites,
CN=Configuration,DC=DOMAIN,DC=FOREST,DC=com
RID - CN=NTDS
Settings,CN=DC2,CN=servers,CN=Default-First-Site-Name,CN=Sites,
CN=Configuration,DC=DOMAIN,DC=FOREST,DC=com
Infrastructure -
CN=NTDS Settings,CN=DC1,CN=servers,CN=Default-First-Site-Nam
e,CN=Sites,CN=Configuration,DC=DOMAIN,DC=FOREST,DC=com
fsmo maintenance: seize
infrastructure master
Attempting safe
transfer of infrastructure FSMO before seizure.
ldap_modify_sW error
0x34(52 (Unavailable).
Ldap extended error
message is 000020AF: SvcErr: DSID-03210380, problem 5002 (UN
AVAILABLE), data 1722
Win32 error returned is
0x20af(The requested FSMO operation failed. The current
FSMO holder could not
be contacted.)
)
Depending on the error
code this may indicate a connection,
ldap, or role transfer
error.
Transfer of
infrastructure FSMO failed, proceeding with seizure ...
server
"localhost" knows about 5 roles
Schema - CN=NTDS
Settings,CN=DC2,CN=servers,CN=Default-First-Site-Name,CN=Sit
es,CN=Configuration,DC=DOMAIN,DC=FOREST,DC=com
Naming Master - CN=NTDS
Settings,CN=DC2,CN=servers,CN=Default-First-Site-Name
,CN=Sites,CN=Configuration,DC=DOMAIN,DC=FOREST,DC=com
PDC - CN=NTDS
Settings,CN=DC2,CN=servers,CN=Default-First-Site-Name,CN=Sites,
CN=Configuration,DC=DOMAIN,DC=FOREST,DC=com
RID - CN=NTDS
Settings,CN=DC2,CN=servers,CN=Default-First-Site-Name,CN=Sites,
CN=Configuration,DC=DOMAIN,DC=FOREST,DC=com
Infrastructure -
CN=NTDS Settings,CN=DC2,CN=servers,CN=Default-First-Site-Nam
e,CN=Sites,CN=Configuration,DC=DOMAIN,DC=FOREST,DC=com
fsmo maintenance: q
ntdsutil: q
C:\Users\Administrator.DOMAIN>netdom
The syntax of this
command is:
NETDOM [ ADD |
COMPUTERNAME | HELP | JOIN | MOVE | QUERY | REMOVE |
MOVENT4BDC | RENAMECOMPUTER | RESET | TRUST | VERIFY | RESETPWD ]
The command completed
successfully.
C:\Users\Administrator.DOMAIN>netdom
query fsmo
Schema
master
DC2.DOMAIN.FOREST.com
Domain naming
master DC2.DOMAIN.FOREST.com
PDC
DC2.DOMAIN.FOREST.com
RID pool
manager
DC2.DOMAIN.FOREST.com
Infrastructure
master DC2.DOMAIN.FOREST.com
The command completed
successfully.
////////////////clean
up metadata and AD objects
Microsoft Windows
[Version 6.0.6001]
Copyright (c) 2006
Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
C:\Users\Administrator.DOMAIN>ntdsutil
ntdsutil: m c
metadata cleanup: con
server connections: con
t DC1 localhost
Binding to localhost
...
Connected to localhost
using credentials of locally logged on user.
server connections:
rescue
Error parsing Input -
Invalid Syntax.
server connections: q
metadata cleanup: li
dom
Error parsing Input -
Invalid Syntax.
metadata cleanup:
select
Error parsing Input -
Invalid Syntax.
metadata cleanup:
select operation target
select operation
target: list events
Error parsing Input -
Invalid Syntax.
select operation
target: list domains
Found 1 domain(s)
0 -
DC=DOMAIN,DC=FOREST,DC=com
select operation
target: select domain 0
No current site
Domain -
DC=DOMAIN,DC=FOREST,DC=com
No current DC1
No current Naming
Context
select operation
target: list sites
Found 1 site(s)
0 -
CN=Default-First-Site-Name,CN=Sites,CN=Configuration,DC=DOMAIN,DC=FOREST,DC=c
om
select operation
target: select site 0
Site -
CN=Default-First-Site-Name,CN=Sites,CN=Configuration,DC=DOMAIN,DC=FOREST,D
C=com
Domain -
DC=DOMAIN,DC=FOREST,DC=com
No current DC1
No current Naming
Context
select operation
target: list DC1 in site
Found 2 DC1(s)
0 -
CN=DC1,CN=servers,CN=Default-First-Site-Name,CN=Sites,CN=Configuration,DC
=DOMAIN,DC=FOREST,DC=com
1 -
CN=DC2,CN=servers,CN=Default-First-Site-Name,CN=Sites,CN=Configuration,DC
=DOMAIN,DC=FOREST,DC=com
select operation
target: select DC1 0
Site - CN=Default-First-Site-Name,CN=Sites,CN=Configuration,DC=DOMAIN,DC=FOREST,D
C=com
Domain -
DC=DOMAIN,DC=FOREST,DC=com
DC1 -
CN=DC1,CN=servers,CN=Default-First-Site-Name,CN=Sites,CN=Configurati
on,DC=DOMAIN,DC=FOREST,DC=com
DSA object - CN=NTDS Settings,CN=DC1,CN=servers,CN=Default-First-Site
-Name,CN=Sites,CN=Configuration,DC=DOMAIN,DC=FOREST,DC=com
DNS host name - DC1.DOMAIN.FOREST.com
Computer object - CN=DC1,OU=Domain Controllers,DC=DOMAIN,DC=FOREST,DC=
com
No current Naming
Context
select operation
target: q
metadata cleanup:
remove select DC1
Transferring / Seizing
FSMO roles off the selected DC1.
Removing FRS metadata
for the selected DC1.
Searching for FRS
members under "CN=DC1,OU=Domain Controllers,DC=DOMAIN,DC=ea
cpc,DC=com".
Deleting subtree under
"CN=DC1,OU=Domain Controllers,DC=DOMAIN,DC=FOREST,DC=co
m".
The attempt to remove
the FRS settings on CN=DC1,CN=servers,CN=Default-First-
Site-Name,CN=Sites,CN=Configuration,DC=DOMAIN,DC=FOREST,DC=com
failed because "El
ement not found.";
metadata cleanup is
continuing.
"CN=DC1,CN=servers,CN=Default-First-Site-Name,CN=Sites,CN=Configuration,DC=of
fice,DC=FOREST,DC=com"
removed from server "localhost"
metadata cleanup: q
ntdsutil: q
C:\Users\Administrator.DOMAIN>adsiedit.msc
//check different parts of the AD to make sure it's healthy
//recursively look at all subnodes of "Active Directory Domain
Services" node in snapin (including Active Directory Users and Computer
and Active Directory Sites and Services) to remove any reference to the
hostname or IP address of the deleted DC1
C:\Users\Administrator.DOMAIN>repadmin
/syncall /d
/e
//push AD objects from one DC1 to the other
CALLBACK MESSAGE: The
following replication is in progress:
From: CN=NTDS Settings,CN=DC2,CN=servers,CN=Default-First-Site-Name,CN=Si
tes,CN=Configuration,DC=DOMAIN,DC=FOREST,DC=com
To : CN=NTDS Settings,CN=DC1,CN=servers,CN=Default-First-Site-Name,CN=Si
tes,CN=Configuration,DC=DOMAIN,DC=FOREST,DC=com
CALLBACK MESSAGE: The
following replication completed successfully:
From: CN=NTDS Settings,CN=DC2,CN=servers,CN=Default-First-Site-Name,CN=Si
tes,CN=Configuration,DC=DOMAIN,DC=FOREST,DC=com
To : CN=NTDS Settings,CN=DC1,CN=servers,CN=Default-First-Site-Name,CN=Si
tes,CN=Configuration,DC=DOMAIN,DC=FOREST,DC=com
CALLBACK MESSAGE:
SyncAll Finished.
SyncAll terminated with
no errors.
//TRANSFER fsmo roles
back to the old DC1, with a newly installed Server 2008. The following is a
graceful transfer, not a forceful FSMO seize like above
Microsoft Windows
[Version 6.0.6002]
Copyright (c) 2006
Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
C:\Users\Administrator.DOMAIN>ntdsutil
ntdsutil: roles
fsmo maintenance:
connections
server connections:
connect to DC1 localhost
Binding to localhost
...
Connected to localhost
using credentials of locally logged on user.
server connections: q
fsmo maintenance:
transfer schema master
server
"localhost" knows about 5 roles
Schema - CN=NTDS
Settings,CN=DC1,CN=servers,CN=Default-First-Site-Name,CN=Sit
es,CN=Configuration,DC=DOMAIN,DC=FOREST,DC=com
Naming Master - CN=NTDS
Settings,CN=DC2,CN=servers,CN=Default-First-Site-Name
,CN=Sites,CN=Configuration,DC=DOMAIN,DC=FOREST,DC=com
PDC - CN=NTDS
Settings,CN=DC2,CN=servers,CN=Default-First-Site-Name,CN=Sites,
CN=Configuration,DC=DOMAIN,DC=FOREST,DC=com
RID - CN=NTDS
Settings,CN=DC2,CN=servers,CN=Default-First-Site-Name,CN=Sites,
CN=Configuration,DC=DOMAIN,DC=FOREST,DC=com
Infrastructure -
CN=NTDS Settings,CN=DC2,CN=servers,CN=Default-First-Site-Nam
e,CN=Sites,CN=Configuration,DC=DOMAIN,DC=FOREST,DC=com
fsmo maintenance:
transfer pdc
server
"localhost" knows about 5 roles
Schema - CN=NTDS
Settings,CN=DC1,CN=servers,CN=Default-First-Site-Name,CN=Sit
es,CN=Configuration,DC=DOMAIN,DC=FOREST,DC=com
Naming Master - CN=NTDS
Settings,CN=DC2,CN=servers,CN=Default-First-Site-Name
,CN=Sites,CN=Configuration,DC=DOMAIN,DC=FOREST,DC=com
PDC - CN=NTDS
Settings,CN=DC1,CN=servers,CN=Default-First-Site-Name,CN=Sites,
CN=Configuration,DC=DOMAIN,DC=FOREST,DC=com
RID - CN=NTDS
Settings,CN=DC2,CN=servers,CN=Default-First-Site-Name,CN=Sites,
CN=Configuration,DC=DOMAIN,DC=FOREST,DC=com
Infrastructure -
CN=NTDS Settings,CN=DC2,CN=servers,CN=Default-First-Site-Nam
e,CN=Sites,CN=Configuration,DC=DOMAIN,DC=FOREST,DC=com
fsmo maintenance:
transfer namingmaster
Error parsing Input -
Invalid Syntax.
fsmo maintenance:
transfer naming master
server
"localhost" knows about 5 roles
Schema - CN=NTDS
Settings,CN=DC1,CN=servers,CN=Default-First-Site-Name,CN=Sit
es,CN=Configuration,DC=DOMAIN,DC=FOREST,DC=com
Naming Master - CN=NTDS
Settings,CN=DC1,CN=servers,CN=Default-First-Site-Name
,CN=Sites,CN=Configuration,DC=DOMAIN,DC=FOREST,DC=com
PDC - CN=NTDS
Settings,CN=DC1,CN=servers,CN=Default-First-Site-Name,CN=Sites,
CN=Configuration,DC=DOMAIN,DC=FOREST,DC=com
RID - CN=NTDS
Settings,CN=DC2,CN=servers,CN=Default-First-Site-Name,CN=Sites,
CN=Configuration,DC=DOMAIN,DC=FOREST,DC=com
Infrastructure -
CN=NTDS Settings,CN=DC2,CN=servers,CN=Default-First-Site-Nam
e,CN=Sites,CN=Configuration,DC=DOMAIN,DC=FOREST,DC=com
fsmo maintenance:
transfer infrastructure master
server
"localhost" knows about 5 roles
Schema - CN=NTDS
Settings,CN=DC1,CN=servers,CN=Default-First-Site-Name,CN=Sit
es,CN=Configuration,DC=DOMAIN,DC=FOREST,DC=com
Naming Master - CN=NTDS
Settings,CN=DC1,CN=servers,CN=Default-First-Site-Name
,CN=Sites,CN=Configuration,DC=DOMAIN,DC=FOREST,DC=com
PDC - CN=NTDS
Settings,CN=DC1,CN=servers,CN=Default-First-Site-Name,CN=Sites,
CN=Configuration,DC=DOMAIN,DC=FOREST,DC=com
RID - CN=NTDS
Settings,CN=DC2,CN=servers,CN=Default-First-Site-Name,CN=Sites,
CN=Configuration,DC=DOMAIN,DC=FOREST,DC=com
Infrastructure -
CN=NTDS Settings,CN=DC1,CN=servers,CN=Default-First-Site-Nam
e,CN=Sites,CN=Configuration,DC=DOMAIN,DC=FOREST,DC=com
fsmo maintenance:
transfer rid master
Operation cancelled
fsmo maintenance:
transfer rid master
server
"localhost" knows about 5 roles
Schema - CN=NTDS
Settings,CN=DC1,CN=servers,CN=Default-First-Site-Name,CN=Sit
es,CN=Configuration,DC=DOMAIN,DC=FOREST,DC=com
Naming Master - CN=NTDS
Settings,CN=DC1,CN=servers,CN=Default-First-Site-Name
,CN=Sites,CN=Configuration,DC=DOMAIN,DC=FOREST,DC=com
PDC - CN=NTDS
Settings,CN=DC1,CN=servers,CN=Default-First-Site-Name,CN=Sites,
CN=Configuration,DC=DOMAIN,DC=FOREST,DC=com
RID - CN=NTDS
Settings,CN=DC1,CN=servers,CN=Default-First-Site-Name,CN=Sites,
CN=Configuration,DC=DOMAIN,DC=FOREST,DC=com
Infrastructure -
CN=NTDS Settings,CN=DC1,CN=servers,CN=Default-First-Site-Nam
e,CN=Sites,CN=Configuration,DC=DOMAIN,DC=FOREST,DC=com
fsmo maintenance: q
ntdsutil: q
C:\Users\Administrator.DOMAIN>net
dom
The syntax of this
command is:
NET
[
ACCOUNTS | COMPUTER | CONFIG | CONTINUE | FILE | GROUP | HELP |
HELPMSG | LOCALGROUP | PAUSE | PRINT | SESSION | SHARE | START |
STATISTICS | STOP | TIME | USE | USER | VIEW ]
C:\Users\Administrator.DOMAIN>net
dom query fsmo
The syntax of this
command is:
NET
[
ACCOUNTS | COMPUTER | CONFIG | CONTINUE | FILE | GROUP | HELP |
HELPMSG | LOCALGROUP | PAUSE | PRINT | SESSION | SHARE | START |
STATISTICS | STOP | TIME | USE | USER | VIEW ]
////////make sure we
have all FSMO rules on newly install Server 2008 on DC1 machine
C:\Users\Administrator.DOMAIN>netdom
query fsmo
Schema
master
DC1.DOMAIN.FOREST.com
Domain naming
master DC1.DOMAIN.FOREST.com
PDC
DC1.DOMAIN.FOREST.com
RID pool
manager
DC1.DOMAIN.FOREST.com
Infrastructure
master DC1.DOMAIN.FOREST.com
The command completed
successfully.
//////////////dcpromo
settings from DC1.DOMAIN.FOREST.com
; DCPROMO unattend file
(automatically generated by dcpromo)
; Usage:
;
dcpromo.exe /unattend:C:\Users\Administrator.DOMAIN\Desktop\dcpromo.txt
;
; You may need to fill
in password fields prior to using the unattend file.
; If you leave the
values for "Password" and/or "DNSDelegationPassword"
; as "*",
then you will be asked for credentials at runtime.
;
[DCInstall]
; Replica DC promotion
ReplicaOrNewDomain=Replica
ReplicaDomainDNSName=DOMAIN.FOREST.com
SiteName=Default-First-Site-Name
InstallDNS=Yes
ConfirmGc=Yes
CreateDNSDelegation=Yes
DNSDelegationUserName=*
DNSDelegationPassword=*
UserDomain=DOMAIN.FOREST.com
UserName=*
Password=*
DatabasePath="C:\Windows\NTDS"
LogPath="C:\Windows\NTDS"
SYSVOLPath="C:\Windows\SYSVOL"
; Set
SafeModeAdminPassword to the correct value prior to using the unattend file
SafeModeAdminPassword=
; Run-time flags
(optional)
;
CriticalReplicationOnly=Yes
;
RebootOnCompletion=Yes
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